Sleep Medicine Reviews
Volume 14, Issue 4 , Pages 219-226 , August 2010

The emotional brain and sleep: An intimate relationship

  • Marie Vandekerckhove

      Affiliations

    • Dept. Psychiatry, Jan Palfijn Hospital, Koningin Fabiolalaan 57, 9000 Gent, Belgium
    • Dept. Biological Psychology, University of Brussels, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Dept. Biological Psychology, University of Brussels, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium. Tel.: +32 2629 15 94/9240 98 70; fax: +32 9240 98 75/2629 24 89.
  • ,
  • Raymond Cluydts

      Affiliations

    • Dept. Biological Psychology, University of Brussels, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
    • Tel.: +32 2629 25 29; fax: +32 2629 24 89.

Received 4 September 2009 ,Revised 12 January 2010 ,Accepted 12 January 2010.

References* 

  1. Shaver JLF, Lentz M, Lands CA, Heitkemper MM, Buchwald DS, Wodds NF. Sleep, psychological distress, and stress arousal in women with fibromyalgia. Res Nurs Health. 1997;20:247–257
  2. Hauri P, Hawkins D. Phasic REM, depression and the relationship between sleeping and waking. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1971;25:56–63
  3. Lauer CDR, Lund RMB. Shortened REM latency: a consequence of psychological strain. Psychophysiol. 1987;24:263–271
  4. Harvey AG. Unwanted intrusive thoughts in insomnia. In:  Clark DA editors. Intrusive thoughts in clinical disorders: theory, research, and treatment. New York: Guilford Press; 2005;p. 86–118
  5. Perlis ML, Nielsen TA. Mood regulation, dreaming and nightmares: evaluation of a desensitization function for REM sleep. Dreaming. 1993;3:243–257
  6. Halasz P, Terzano R, Parinno M, Bodizs L. The nature of arousal in sleep. J Sleep Res. 2004;13:1–23
  7. Germain A, Buysse DJ, Ombao H, Kupfer DJ, Hall M. Psychophysiological reactivity and coping styles influence the effects of acute stress exposure on REM-sleep. Psychosom Med. 2003;65:857–864
  8. Buysse DJ, Kupfer E, Frank Th, Monk A, Ritenour A. Electroencephalographic sleep studies in depressed outpatients treated with interpersonal psychotherapy: II. Longitudinal studies at baseline and recovery. Psychiatry Res. 1992;42:27–40
  9. Pillar P, Malhotra A, Lavie P. Posttraumatic stress disorder and sleep—what a nightmare!. Sleep Med Rev. 2000;4:183–200
  10. Cartwright RD, Luten A, Young M, Mercer P, Bears M. Role of REM-sleep and dream affect in overnight mood regulation: a study of normal volunteers. Psychiatry Res. 1998;81:1–8
  11. Ciu R, Li B, Suemaru K, Araki H. Psychological stress-induced changes in sleep patterns and its generation mechanism. Yakugaku Zasshi. 2008;128:405–411
  12. Hall M, Vasko R, Buysse D, Ombao H, Qingxia Ch, Cashmere JD, et al. Acute stress affects heart rate variability during sleep. Psychosom Med. 2004;66:56–62
  13. Germain A, Buysse DJ, Nofzinger E. Sleep-specific mechanisms underlying posttraumatic stress disorder: integrative review and neurobiological hypotheses. Sleep Med Rev. 2007;12:185–195
  14. Buysse DJ, Hall M, Begley A, Cherry CR, Houck PR, Land S, et al. Sleep and treatment response in depression: new findings using power spectral analysis. Psychiatr Res. 2001;103:51–67
  15. Keshavan MS, Reynolds CF, Montrose D, Miewald J, Downs C, Sabo EM. Sleep and suicidality in psychotic patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1994;89:122–125
  16. Cartwright RD, Kravitz H, Eastman CI, Wood E. REM latency and the recovery from depression: getting over divorce. Am J Psychiatry. 1991;148:1530–1535
  17. Nofzinger EA, Schwartz RM, Reynolds ChF, Thase ME, Jennings JR, Frank E, et al. Affect intensity and phasic REM-sleep in depressed men before and after treatment with cognitive-behavioral therapy. J Consc Clin Psych. 1994;62:83–91
  18. Agargun MY, Cartwright R. REM-sleep, dream variables and suicidality in depressed patients. Psychiatry Res. 2004;15:33–39
  19. Clark CP, Gillin JC, Golshan S, Demodena A, Smith TL, Danowski S, et al. Increased REM-sleep density at admission predicts relapse by three months in primary alcoholics with a lifetime diagnosis of secondary depression. Biol Psychiatry. 1998;43:601–607
  20. Payne JD, Nadel L. Sleep, dreams, and memory consolidation: the role of the stress hormone cortisol. Learn Mem. 2004;11:671–678
  21. Thase ME, Reynolds CF, Frank E, Jennings JR, Nofzinger E, Fasiczka AL, et al. Polysomnographic studies of unmedicated depressed men before and after cognitive behavioral therapy. Am J Psychiatry. 1994;151:1615–1622
  22. Wagner U, Hallschmid M, Rasch B, Born J. Brief sleep after learning keeps emotional memories alive for years. Biol Psychiatry. 2006;60:788–790
  23. Bonnet M. Sleep deprivation. In:  Kryger MH,  Roth T,  Dement WC editor. Principles and practice of sleep medicine. 3rd ed.. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co; 2002;p. 53–71
  24. Cluydts R. Comparing the effects of sleep loss after experimental sleep deprivation and in clinical patients. Sleep Med Rev. 2003;7:293–295
  25. Zohar D, Tzischinsky O, Epstein R, Lavie P. The effects of sleep loss on medical residents' emotional reactions to work events: a cognitive-energy model. Sleep. 2005;28:47–54
  26. Greenberg R, Pillard R, Pearlman C. The effect of dream deprivation on adaptation to stress. Psychosom Med. 1972;34:257–262
  27. Mirmiran M, Ariagno RL. Role of REM-sleep in brain development and plasticity. In:  Maquet P,  Smith C,  Stickgold R editor. Sleep and brain plasticity. Oxford: University Press; 2003;p. 181–187
  28. Vogel G, Neill D, Hagler M, Kors D. A new animal model of endogenous depression: a summary of present findings. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1990;14:85–91
  29. James JE, Gregg ME. Effects of dietary caffeine on mood when rested and sleep restricted. Hum Psychopharm. 2004;19:333–341
  30. Chelette TL, Albery WB, Esken RL, Tripp LD. Female exposure to high G: performance of simulated flight after 24 hours of sleep deprivation. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1998;69:862–868
  31. Kahn-Greene ET, Killgore DB, Kamimori GH, Balkin TJ, Killgore WD. The effects of sleep deprivation on symptoms of psychopathology in healthy adults. Sleep Med. 2007;8:215–221
  32. Killgore WD, Kahn-Greene ET, Lipizzi EL, Newman RA, Kamimori GH, Balkin TJ. Sleep deprivation reduces perceived emotional intelligence and constructive thinking skills. Sleep Med. 2008;9:517–526
  33. Killgore WD, Killgore DB, Day LM, Li C, Kamimori GH, Balkin TJ. The effects of 53 hours of sleep deprivation on moral judgment. Sleep. 2007;30:345–352
  34. Wagner U, Fischer S, Born J. Changes in emotional responsiveness is enhanced across sleep intervals with high amounts of rapid eye movement sleep. Psychos Med. 2002;64:627–634
  35. Giedke H, Schwarzler F. Therapeutic use of sleep deprivation in depression. Sleep Med Rev. 2002;6:361–377
  36. Hamilton M. Development of a rating scale for primary depressive illness. Br J Soc Clin Psychol. 1967;6:278–296
  37. Andreassi JL. Psychophysiology. Revised and Expended 5th ed.. New Jersey, U.S.A: Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers; 2007;
  38. De Koninck JM, Koulack D. Dream content and adaptation to a stressful situation. J Abnorm Psych. 1975;84:250–260
  39. Foulkes WD. Dream reports from different stages of sleep. J Abnorm Soc Psych. 1962;65:14–25
  40. Fosse R. REM mentation in narcoleptics and normals: an empirical test of two neurocognitive theories. Consc Cogn. 2000;9:488–509
  41. Smith MR, Antrobus JS, Gordon E, Tucker MA, Hirota Y, Wamsley EJ, et al. Motivation and affect in REM-sleep and the mentation reporting process. Consci Cogn. 2004;13:501–511
  42. van der Kolk B, Blitz R, Burr W, Sherry S, Hartmann E. Nightmares and trauma: a comparison of nightmares after combat with lifelong nightmares in veterans. Am J Psychiatry. 1984;141:187–190
  43. Fosse R, Stickgold R, Hobson JA. Thoughts and hallucinations in NREM and REM-sleep across the night. Sleep. 2001;24:178
  44. Schredl M, Doll E. Emotions in diary dreams. Consci Cogn. 1998;7:634–646
  45. Braun AR, Balkin TJ, Wesenten NJ, Carson RE, Varga M, Baldwin P, et al. Regional cerebral blood flow throughout the sleep-wake cycle. An H2(15) O PET study. Brain. 1997;120:1173–1197
  46. Maquet P, Peters J, Aerts J, Delfiore G, Degueldre C, Luxen A, et al. Functional neuroanatomy of human rapid-eye-movement sleep and dreaming. Nature. 1996;383:163–166
  47. Maquet P, Ruby P, Maudoux A, Albouy G, Sterpenich St, Dhang-Vu Th, et al. Human cognition during REM-sleep and the activity profile within frontal and parietal cortices: a reappraisal of functional neuroimaging data. Prog Brain Res. 2005;150:219–227
  48. Seidenbecher T, Laxmi TR, Stork O, Pape HC. Amygdalar and hippocampal theta rhythm synchronization during fear memory retrieval. Sci. 2003;8:846–850
  49. Miyauchi S, Misaki M, Kan S, Fukunaga T, Koike T. Human brain activity time-locked to rapid eye movements during REM-sleep. Exp Brain Res. 2009;192:657–667
  50. Kreiman G, Koch C, Fried I. Imagery neurons in the human brain. Nature. 2000;408:357–361
  51. Vandekerckhove MMP, Markowitsch HJ, Mertens M, Woermann Fr. Bi-hemispheric engagement in the retrieval of autobiographical episodes. Behav Neurol. 2005;16:203–210
  52. Wagner U, Degirmenci M, Drosopoulos S, Perras B, Born J. Effects of cortisol suppression on sleep-associated consolidation of neutral and emotional memory. Biol Psychiatry. 2005;58:885–893
  53. Wehrle R, Kaufmann C, Wetter TC, Holsboer F, Auer DP, Pollmacher T, et al. Functional microstates within human REM-sleep: first evidence from fMRI of a thalamocortical network specific for phasic REM periods. Eur J NeuroSci. 2007;25:863–871
  54. Phelps EA. Emotion and cognition: insights from studies of the amygdala. Ann Rev Psych. 2006;57:27–53
  55. Datta S. Avoidance task training potentiates phasic pontinewave density in the rat: a mechanism for sleep-dependent plasticity. J Neurosci. 2000;20:8607–8613
  56. Muzur A, Pace-Schott EF, Hobson JA. The prefrontal cortex in sleep. Tr Cogn Sci. 2002;6:475–481
  57. Daselaar SM, Rice HJ, Greenberg DL, Cabeza R, LaBar KS, Rubin DC. The spatiotemporal dynamics of autobiographical memory: neural correlates of recall, emotional intensity, and reliving. Cerebr Cortex. 2008;18:217–229
  58. Gallese V, Keysers C, Rizzolatti GA. Unifying view of the basis of social cognition. Tr Cogn Sci. 2004;8:396–403
  59. Schwartz RM, Maquet P. Sleep imaging and the neuro-psychological assessment of dreams. Tr Cogn Sci. 2002;6:23–30
  60. Vandekerckhove M, Panksepp J. A flow of anoetic to noetic and autonoetic consciousness: a vision of unknowing (anoetic) and knowing (noetic) consciousness in the rembrance of things. Past and imagined futures. Consci Cogn. 2009;18:1018–1028
  61. Maquet P, Smith C, Stickgold R. Memory, cognition and dreams. In: Sleep and brain plasticity. Oxford University Press; 2003;p. 17–39
  62. Maquet P. Functional neuroimaging of normal human sleep by positron emission tomography. J Sleep Res. 2000;9:207–231
  63. Thomas M, Sing H, Belenky G, Holcomb H, Mayberg H, Dannals R, et al. Neural basis of alertness and cognitive performance impairments during sleepiness. I. Effects of 24 h of sleep deprivation on waking human regional activity. J Sleep Res. 2000;9:335–352
  64. Binks PG, Waters WF, Hurry M. Short-term total sleep deprivation does not selectively impair higher cortical functioning. Sleep. 1999;22:328–334
  65. Eslinger PJ. Orbital frontal cortex: historical and contemporary views about its behavioral and physiological significance. An introduction to special topic papers: part I. Neurocase. 1999;5:225–229
  66. Mayberg HS. Limbic-cortical dysregulation: a proposed model of depression. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1997;9:471–481
  67. Shin LM, Wright Chr I, Cannistraro PA, Wedig MM, McMullin K, Martis Br, et al. A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex responses to overtly presented fearful faces in posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62:273–281
  68. Sotres-Bayon F, Bush DE, LeDoux JE. Emotional perseveration: an update on prefrontal amygdala interactions in fear extinction. Learn Mem. 2004;11:525–535
  69. Stickgold R, Whidbee D, Schirmer B, Patel V, Hobson JA. Visual discrimination task improvement: a multi-step process occurring during sleep. J Cogn Neurosci. 2000;12:246–254
  70. Gais S, Mölle M, Helms K, Born J. Learning-dependent increase in sleep spindle density. J Neurosci. 2002;22:6830–6834
  71. Gorgulu Y, Caliyurt O. Rapid antidepressant effects of sleep deprivation therapy correlates with serum BDNF changes in major depression. Brain Res Bull. 2009;80:158–162

PII: S1087-0792(10)00003-1

doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2010.01.002

Sleep Medicine Reviews
Volume 14, Issue 4 , Pages 219-226 , August 2010