Sleep Medicine Reviews
Volume 5, Issue 5 , Pages 397-408 , October 2001

The search for the molecular correlates of sleep and wakefulness

References 

  1. Moruzzi G. The functional significance of sleep with particular regard to the brain's mechanisms underlying consciousness. In:  Eccles JC editors. Brain and Conscious Experience. New York: Springer; 1966;p. 345–388
  2. Herdegen T, Leah JD. Inducible and constitutive transcription factors in the mammalian nervous system: control of gene expression by Jun, Fos, Krox, and CREB/ATF proteins. Brain Res Rev. 1998;28:370–490
  3. Grassi-Zucconi G, Menegazzi M, Carcereri de Prati A, Bassetti A, Montagnese P, Mandile P, et al. c-fos mRNA is spontaneously induced in the rat brain during the activity period of the circadian cycle. Eur J Neurosci. 1993;5:1071–1078
  4. O'Hara BF, Young KA, Watson FL, Heller HC, Kilduff TS. Immediate early gene expression in brain during sleep deprivation: preliminary observations. Sleep. 1993;16:1–7
  5. Pompeiano M, Cirelli C, Tononi G. Immediate-early genes in spontaneous wakefulness and sleep: Expression of c-fos and NGFI-A mRNA and protein. J Sleep Res. 1994;3:80–96
  6. Cirelli C, Tononi G. Differences in gene expression between sleep and waking as revealed by mRNA differential display. Mol Brain Res. 1998;56:293–305
  7. Cirelli C, Tononi G. Gene expression in the brain across the sleep–waking cycle. Brain Res. 2000;885:303–321
  8. Horne JA. Why we sleep. The functions of sleep in humans and other mammals. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1988;
  9. Maquet P. Sleep function(s) and cerebral metabolism. Behav Brain Res. 1995;69:75–83
  10. Krueger JM, Obal F, Kapas L, Fang J. Brain organization and sleep function. Behav Brain Res. 1995;69:177–186
  11. Borbély AA, Neuhaus HU. Daily patterns of sleep, motor activity and feeding in the rat: effects of regular and gradually extended photoperiods. J Comp Physiol. 1978;124:1–14
  12. Tobler I, Franken P, Gao B, Jaggi K, Borbély AA. Sleep deprivation in the rat at different ambient temperature: effect on sleep, EEG spectra and brain temperature. Arch Ital Biol. 1994;132:39–52
  13. Cirelli C, Pompeiano M, Tononi G. Sleep deprivation and c-fos expression in the rat brain. J Sleep Res. 1995;4:92–106
  14. Pompeiano M, Cirelli C, Ronca-Testoni S, Tononi G. NGFI-A expression in the rat brain after sleep deprivation. Mol Brain Res. 1997;46:143–153
  15. Milner FD, Sutcliffe JG. Gene expression in rat brain. Nucleic Acid Res. 1983;11:5497–5520
  16. Hevroni D, Rattner A, Bundman M, Lederfein D, Gabarah A, Mangelus M, et al. Hippocampal plasticity involves extensive gene induction and multiple cellular mechanisms. J Mol Neurosci. 1998;10:75–98
  17. Matsuo R, Murayama A, Saitoh Y, Sakaki Y, Inokuchi K. Identification and cataloging of genes induced by long-lasting long-term potentiation in awake rats. J Neurochem. 2000;74:2239–2249
  18. Deleersnijder W, Hong G, Cortvrindt R, Poirier C, Tylzanowski P, Pittois K, et al. Isolation of markers for chondro-osteogenic differentiation using cDNA library subtraction. Molecular cloning and characterization of a gene belonging to a novel multigene family of integral membrane proteins. J Biol Chem. 1996;271:19475–19482
  19. Mäkelä TP, Hellsten E, Vesa J, Hirvonen H, Palotie A, Peltonen L, et al. The arranged L-myc fusion gene (RLF) encodes a Zn-15 related zinc finger protein. Oncogene. 1995;11:2699–2704
  20. Okabe I, Bailey LC, Attree O, Srinivasan S, Perkel JM, Laurent BC, et al. Cloning of human and bovine homologs of SNF2/SWI2: a global activator of transcription in yeast S. cerevisiae. Nucl Acids Res. 1992;20:4649–4655
  21. Cirelli C, Tononi G. Differential expression of plasticity-related genes in waking and sleep and their regulation by the noradrenergic system. J Neurosci. 2000;20:9187–9194
  22. Hevner RF, Wong-Riley MTT. Mitochondrial and nuclear gene expression for cytochrome oxidase subunits are disproportionately regulated by functional activity in neurons. J Neurosci. 1993;13:1805–1819
  23. Wong-Riley MTT, Mullen MA, Huang Z, Guyer C. Brain cytochrome oxidase subunit complementary DNAs: isolation, subcloning, sequencing, light and electron microscopic in situ hybridization of transcripts, and regulation by neuronal activity. Neuroscience. 1997;76:1035–1055
  24. Nie F, Wong-Riley MTT. Mitochondrial- and nuclear-encoded subunits of cytochrome oxidase in neurons: differences in compartmental distribution, correlation with enzyme activity, and regulation by neuronal activity. J Comp Neurol. 1996;373:139–155
  25. Sokoloff L. Metabolic probes of central nervous system activity in experimental animals and man. Sunderland: Sinauer; 1984;
  26. Ramm P, Frost BJ. Regional metabolic activity in the rat brain during sleep–wake activity. Sleep. 1983;6:196–216
  27. Steriade M, McCarley RW. Brainstem Control of Wakefulness and Sleep. New York: Plenum; 1990;
  28. Devaskar SU, Rajakumar PA, Mink RB, McKnight RA, Thamotharan S, Hicks SJ. Effect of development and hypoxic-ischemia upon rabbit brain glucose transporter expression. Brain Res. 1999;823:113–128
  29. Shaw PJ, Cirelli C, Greenspan RJ, Tononi G. Correlates of sleep and waking in Drosophila Melanogaster. Science. 2000;287:1834–1837
  30. Kuhl D, Kennedy TE, Barzilai A, Kandel ER. Long-term sensitization training in Aplysia leads to an increase in the expression of BiP, the major protein chaperon of the ER. J Cell Biol. 1992;19:1069–1076
  31. Mallick BN, Gulyani S. Alterations in synaptosomal calcium concentrations after rapid eye movement sleep deprivation in rats. Neuroscience. 1996;75:729–736
  32. Cirelli C, Pompeiano M, Tononi G. Neuronal gene expression in the waking state: a role for the locus coeruleus. Science. 1996;274:1211–1215
  33. Cirelli C, Tononi G. Changes in gene expression in DSP-4 treated animals revealed by mRNA differential display. Soc Neurosci Abstr. 1997;23:689–1215
  34. Aston-Jones G, Bloom FE. Activity of norepinephrine-containing locus coeruleus neurons in behaving rats anticipates fluctuations in the sleep–waking cycle. J Neurosci. 1981;1:876–886
  35. Tyce GM, Messick JM, Yaksh TL, Byer DE, Danielson DR, Rorie DK. Amine sulfate formation in the central nervous system. Fed Proc. 1986;45:2247–2253
  36. In:  Cooper JR,  Bloom FE,  Roth RH editor. The Biochemical Basis of Neuropharmacology. 7th edn. New York: Oxford University Press; 1996;p. 226–292
  37. Cirelli C, Tononi G. Changes in gene expression in the cerebral cortex of rats after short-term and long-term sleep deprivation. Sleep. 1999;22:113

PII: S1087-0792(01)90160-1

doi: 10.1053/smrv.2001.0160

Sleep Medicine Reviews
Volume 5, Issue 5 , Pages 397-408 , October 2001